¹ This is the record of the descendants of Nuach’s (Noah) sons—Shem, <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Cham" title="Means 'hot' or 'burnt.' The second son of Nuach (Noah). Father of Kush (Ethiopia/Africa), Mitsrayim (Egypt), Phut (Libya/North Africa), and Kena'an. Ancestor...">Cham (Ham), and Yaphet (Japheth). They had sons born to them after the flood. ² <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Yaphet" title="Means 'expansion' or 'beauty.' The third son of Nuach (Noah). Ancestor of the Indo-European and northern peoples — the Gentile nations. Pronounced: Yah-fet.">Yaphet's sons were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Yavan (Javan), Tubal, Meshek (Meshech), and Tiyras (Tiras). ³ Gomer's sons were Ashkenaz, Riyphath (Riphath), and Togarmah. ⁴ Yavan's sons were Elishah, Tarshiysh (Tarshish), Kittim, and Dodaniym (Dodanim). ⁵ From these people, the coastal nations spread out into their lands. They were divided by their own languages, families, and nations. ⁶ <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Cham" title="Means 'hot' or 'burnt.' The second son of Nuach (Noah). Father of Kush (Ethiopia/Africa), Mitsrayim (Egypt), Phut (Libya/North Africa), and Kena'an. Ancestor...">Cham's sons were Kush (Cush), Mitsrayim (Egypt), Phut, and <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Kena'an" title="Means 'lowland' or 'merchant.' Son of Cham, grandson of Nuach. Ancestor of the Canaanite nations who occupied the land promised to Yashar'el. Pronounced: Keh...">Kena'an (Canaan). ⁷ Kush's sons were Seba, Chavilah (Havilah), Sabtah, Ra'amah, and Sabtekah. Ra'amah's sons were Sheba and Dedan. ⁸ Kush fathered <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Nimrod" title="Means 'rebel' or 'we will rebel.' Son of Kush, grandson of Cham. The first great empire-builder after the flood — a mighty hunter who built Babel, Nineveh, a...">Nimrod, who became the first mighty warrior on the earth. ⁹ He was a mighty hunter before Yahuah (Yah). This is why people say, "Just like <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Nimrod" title="Means 'rebel' or 'we will rebel.' Son of Kush, grandson of Cham. The first great empire-builder after the flood — a mighty hunter who built Babel, Nineveh, a...">Nimrod, the mighty hunter before Yahuah." ¹⁰ His kingdom began with Babel (Babylon), Erek (Erech), Akkad, and Kalneh (Calneh), in the land of <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Shin'ar" title="The ancient name for the land of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), particularly the region of Babylon. The land where <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Nimrod" title="Means 'rebel' or 'we will rebel.' Son of Kush, grandson of Cham. The first great empire-builder after the flood — a mighty hunter who built Babel, Nineveh, a...">Nimrod built his first kingdom and where the T...">Shin'ar (Mesopotamia). ¹¹ From that land, Ashshur (Asshur) went out and built Nineveh, the city of Rechoboth (Rehoboth), and Kalach (Calah), ¹² as well as Resen, which is between Nineveh and Kalach; it’s a great city. ¹³ <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Mitsrayim" title="The Hebrew name for Egypt, meaning 'two straits' or 'two boundaries.' Son of <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Cham" title="Means 'hot' or 'burnt.' The second son of Nuach (Noah). Father of Kush (Ethiopia/Africa), Mitsrayim (Egypt), Phut (Libya/North Africa), and Kena'an. Ancestor...">Cham and ancestor of the Egyptians. The land of bondage for the children of Yash...">Mitsrayim fathered Ludiym (Ludim), Anamiym (Anamim), Lehabiym (Lehabim), and Naphtuchim (Naphtuhim), ¹⁴ along with Pathrusiym (Pathrusim), Kasluchiym (Casluhim)—the ancestors of the Pelishtiym (Philistines)—and Kaphtoriym (Caphtorim). ¹⁵ <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Kena'an" title="Means 'lowland' or 'merchant.' Son of <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Cham" title="Means 'hot' or 'burnt.' The second son of Nuach (Noah). Father of Kush (Ethiopia/Africa), Mitsrayim (Egypt), Phut (Libya/North Africa), and Kena'an. Ancestor...">Cham, grandson of Nuach. Ancestor of the Canaanite nations who occupied the land promised to Yashar'el. Pronounced: Keh...">Kena'an fathered Tsidon (Sidon), his firstborn, and Cheth (Heth), ¹⁶ as well as the Yebusiy (Jebusites), the Emoriy (Amorites), and the Girgashiy (Girgashites), ¹⁷ the Chivviy (Hivites), the Arqiy (Arkites), and the Siniy (Sinites), ¹⁸ and the Arvadiy (Arvadites), the Tsemariy (Zemarites), and the Chamathiy (Hamathites). Afterward, the families of the Kena'aniy (Canaanites) spread out. ¹⁹ The border of the Kena'aniy stretched from Tsidon toward Gerar, as far as Azzah (Gaza), then toward Sedom (Sodom), Amorah (Gomorrah), Admah, and Tseboyim (Zeboiim), as far as Lasha. ²⁰ These are the descendants of <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Cham" title="Means 'hot' or 'burnt.' The second son of Nuach (Noah). Father of Kush (Ethiopia/Africa), Mitsrayim (Egypt), Phut (Libya/North Africa), and Kena'an. Ancestor...">Cham, according to their families and languages, in their countries and nations. ²¹ Children were also born to Shem, who was the father of all the sons of Eber (the Ibriym—Hebrews) and the older brother of <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Yaphet" title="Means 'expansion' or 'beauty.' The third son of Nuach (Noah). Ancestor of the Indo-European and northern peoples — the Gentile nations. Pronounced: Yah-fet.">Yaphet. ²² Shem's sons were Elam, Ashshur (Assyria), Arphakshad (Arphaxad), Lud, and Aram. ²³ Aram's sons were Uts (Uz), Chul (Hul), Gether, and Mash. ²⁴ Arphakshad fathered Shelach (Salah), and Shelach fathered Eber. ²⁵ Two sons were born to Eber. One was named <span class="ytc-term" data-term="Peleg" title="Means 'division' or 'water channel.' Son of Eber, great-great-grandson of Shem. His name marks the time when 'the earth was divided' — likely referring to th...">Peleg (meaning: Division) because the earth was divided during his lifetime. His brother’s name was Yoqtan (Joktan). ²⁶ Yoqtan fathered Almodad, Sheleph, Chatsarmavet (Hazarmaveth), and Yerach (Jerah), ²⁷ Hadoram, Uzal, and Diqlah (Diklah), ²⁸ Obal, Abima'el (Abimael), and Sheba. ²⁹ Ophir, Chavilah, and Yobab. All these were the sons of Yoqtan.